Psalm 22 was written by David and contains many prophecies of the crucifixion of Jesus a thousand years before it happened. Verse12 says, "Many bulls have compassed me; strong bulls of Bashan have beset me." What are the bulls of Bashan?
Bashan was an
area east of the Sea of Galilee. The tribes of Reuben and Gad asked to be allowed to settle on that side of the Jordan river
because of the fertile pastures for their cattle.(Numbers 32) Moses granted their request on the condition they help the other tribes conquer the land west of the Jordan River. The tribe of Manasseh, being the oldest son of Joseph, was given a double portion of land on both sides of the Jordan River. The portion east of the Jordan River stretched across Bashan up to Mount Hermon and included what we know as the Golan Heights.
Bashan was a rich but very wicked place. The pagan temple of Pan at Caesarea Philippi, was at the foot of Mount Hermon. Pan was the god
of nature, goats, and fertility. A cave there was believed to be the entrance to the underworld and called the Gate of Hell. This is where Jesus declared, "I will build My church and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it." (Pantheism is a philosophy alive today rooted in the god Pan that believes everything in nature is God.)
In Amos 4, the women who lived a luxurious arrogant lifestyle at the expense of the poor and in rebellion against God are called cows of Bashan. Amos warned that they would be caught with fish hooks and dragged away. 1 Chronicles 5:26 records that the tribe of Manasseh "increased mightily" and "went a whoring after the gods of the people of the land." The king of Assyria captured the tribes of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh, carrying them away as Amos had warned. The three tribes east of the Jordan were the first to be exiled and scattered among various countries.
Putting all this together, “the bulls of Bashan” in Psalm 22 are metaphors for strength and belligerence. The belligerent Jewish leaders who wanted Jesus crucified by the strength of Roman law and soldiers were like bulls of Bashan. They stood under the cross mocking Jesus while He was in agonizing pain, dying to provide a way for their sins to be forgiven.

























